An Explicit Framework for Interaction Nets

Interaction nets are a graphical formalism inspired by Linear Logic proof-nets often used for studying higher order rewriting e.g. \Beta-reduction. Traditional presentations of interaction nets are based on graph theory and rely on elementary properties of graph theory. We give here a more explicit presentation based on notions borrowed from Girard's Geometry of Interaction: interaction nets are presented as partial permutations and a composition of nets, the gluing, is derived from the execution formula. We then define contexts and reduction as the context closure of rules. We prove strong confluence of the reduction within our framework and show how interaction nets can be viewed as the quotient of some generalized proof-nets

Emotional Climate, Human Security, and Cultures of Peace

The objective of this issue is to review the work that has been published on emotional climate and the issues it raises, to present new work that addresses these issues, and to begin the work of relating emotional climate to research on human security and cultures of peace. The issue has three sections. The first focuses on articles that discuss the measurement of emotional climate, how it may be related to a society\u27s peacefulness, and the psychosocial processes involved in its generation. The second involves work on human security and ways it may be restored after societal trauma. The third presents articles that relate emotional climate to cultures of peace. Unlike emotional atmospheres, which depend on group members focusing on a particular event, emotional climates involve the relationships between group members. They involve feelings such as the collective fear used by a dictatorship to ensure order, the trust essential to the formation of social capital, the security provided by an adequate attention to human rights, or the anger or despair aroused by pervasive corruption. Human security, in contrast to national security, is a concept concerned with the security of all people, rather than only those within a given nation state. Further, it enlarges the scope of security to include all the issues that affect personal security and not simply the danger of enemy attack